New Mexico has abundant natural beauty and a diverse ecosystem but faces various environmental challenges. Water scarcity and pollution, air quality, and climate change are just some issues that require careful attention and solutions from policymakers, businesses, and individuals. One of the significant environmental challenges facing New Mexico is water contamination. Water is a valuable resource in this arid region, and it is crucial to take measures to protect it from contamination. This blog will discuss ways to reduce water contamination in New Mexico.
RECENT CONTAMINATION SPILLS IN NEW MEXICO
Several major water contamination incidents in New Mexico have occurred in recent years. Here are some examples and information on how they were resolved:
Animas River Contamination (2015): In August 2015, a breach occurred at the Gold King Mine in Colorado, releasing millions of gallons of contaminated wastewater into the Animas River, which flows into New Mexico. The water contained heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, and cadmium. The contamination prompted the governor to declare a state of emergency in four New Mexico counties. The EPA took responsibility for the incident and assisted affected communities. In 2018, the EPA announced that it had completed the cleanup of the mine site and surrounding areas.
Clovis Water Contamination (2018): In March 2018, it was discovered that the water supply in Clovis, New Mexico, was contaminated with a potentially harmful chemical called perchlorate. The contamination was traced to a nearby Air Force base, which used the chemical in firefighting foam. The Air Force took responsibility for the contamination and provided bottled water to affected residents. The city also installed temporary treatment systems to remove the chemical from the water. In 2020, the Air Force announced that it had completed the construction of a permanent treatment system, which is now operational.
Albuquerque Water Contamination (2019): In September 2019, it was discovered that the water supply in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was contaminated with toxic chemicals known as PFAS. The contamination was traced to two Air Force bases in the area, which used the chemicals in firefighting foam. The Air Force has taken responsibility for the contamination and provided bottled water to affected residents. The city has also installed treatment systems to remove the chemicals from the water. The Air Force is investigating the contamination's extent and impacts.
The impacts of these incidents have varied, but all have had adverse effects on the affected communities. The Animas River contamination caused harm to aquatic life. It affected farmers and ranchers who relied on the river for irrigation. The Clovis water contamination forced the city to find alternative sources of water. It affected businesses that relied on the city's water supply. The Albuquerque water contamination has raised concerns about the health effects of PFAS exposure.
Some of these incidents may have been preventable with better regulation and enforcement of environmental laws. For example, the use of PFAS in firefighting foam has been a known issue for years, and some advocates argue that more could have been done to restrict their use. Similarly, the Animas River contamination was caused by a breach at an abandoned mine leaking toxic waste for years, raising questions about the adequacy of regulation and oversight of mining operations.
PROPERLY DISPOSE OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
The most considerable hazardous waste generated in New Mexico each year is likely from the mining industry, particularly the extraction of copper, gold, silver, uranium, and other minerals. In addition to the mining industry, there are several other sources of hazardous waste in New Mexico. Manufacturing processes, particularly in electronics and chemical industries, can generate dangerous debris such as acids, solvents, and heavy metals. Transportation activities can also cause hazardous waste from accidents, particularly spilled fuel, or chemicals. Lastly, household hazardous waste can include cleaning products, pesticides, batteries, and fluorescent light bulbs. It's essential for residents to properly dispose of these items to prevent them from contaminating the environment. To properly dispose of dangerous materials, New Mexico residents can take advantage of several options, including:
Household Hazardous Waste Collection Events: The New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) sponsors events throughout the year where residents can drop off hazardous waste items for free or at a nominal cost. These events accept paint, solvents, batteries, and electronic waste.
Permanent Collection Facilities: Many counties in New Mexico have permanent hazardous waste collection facilities where residents can drop off materials year-round. These facilities may also accept motor oil, antifreeze, and fluorescent bulbs.
Recycling Programs: Some materials, such as certain types of batteries and electronics, can be recycled. Check with your local recycling program for details on what items they accept.
Disposal at Landfills: Certain types of hazardous waste can be disposed of at hazardous waste landfills. However, this should only be done as a last resort and with proper guidance from the NMED.
REDUCE WATER USAGE
New Mexico has made significant efforts to reduce water usage in recent years due to ongoing drought conditions and water scarcity issues. Here are some examples of the efforts:
Water Conservation Programs: The state government and local utilities have implemented various water conservation programs to encourage residents to use water more efficiently. These programs include rebates for installing water-efficient appliances, educational campaigns to promote conservation practices, and water audits to identify and address leaks and other inefficiencies.
Xeriscaping: Xeriscaping is a landscaping technique that uses plants that require less water than traditional grass lawns. New Mexico has promoted xeriscaping through public education campaigns and incentives for homeowners who convert their lawns to water-efficient landscapes.
Agricultural Efficiency: Agriculture accounts for a significant portion of water usage in New Mexico, so the state has implemented programs to help farmers and ranchers use water more efficiently. These programs include irrigation audits and upgrades and incentives for implementing water-saving practices.
Wastewater Recycling: In some areas of the state, treated wastewater is being recycled for agricultural irrigation and other non-potable uses, reducing the demand for freshwater.
As for water consumption statistics, the New Mexico Office of the State Engineer tracks water usage data annually. According to their most recent report (covering water usage in 2019), the state's total water use was approximately 4.4 million acre-feet (MAF), a slight decrease from the previous year. Most of this water use was for agricultural purposes, accounting for 3.6 MAF. In comparison, municipal and industrial users accounted for the remaining 0.8 MAF. While there have been some fluctuations in water usage over the years, overall trends show a gradual decrease in use due to the state's conservation efforts.
PRACTICE RESPONSIBLE AGRICULTURE
Farmers and ranchers are critical in protecting the environment by adopting responsible land management practices. Sustainable irrigation methods, for instance, help reduce water usage and minimize runoff, which can cause water pollution. Additionally, farmers and ranchers can use integrated pest management strategies, prioritize natural and non-toxic methods for controlling pests and diseases, and minimize using fertilizers and pesticides.
New Mexico has several resources available to farmers and ranchers who want to implement sustainable land management practices. These resources include the New Mexico Department of Agriculture, the New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Veterans have also found that off-grid living, and sustainable agriculture practices can provide a means of transitioning back to civilian life and supporting themselves and their families. Sustainable agriculture practices like permaculture, regenerative agriculture, and agroforestry prioritize soil health, biodiversity, and sustainable land use.
The Farmer Veteran Coalition (FVC) is an organization that helps veterans find careers in agriculture and provides them with the tools and resources needed to succeed. They promote sustainable agriculture practices like soil conservation, crop rotation, and integrated pest management. The Veterans Sustainable Agriculture Training (VSAT) program provides veterans with sustainable agriculture and business management training, including hands-on training in crop production, animal husbandry, and farm planning. These responsible agriculture practices promote environmental sustainability and food security while improving our food systems' resilience.
PROMOTE PROPER SANITATION PRACTICES.
Human waste can contain a variety of harmful pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. If this waste is not correctly managed, it can contaminate water sources and cause waterborne diseases. Waterborne diseases are caused by microorganisms that are spread through contaminated water. These diseases can cause a range of symptoms, from mild gastrointestinal issues to more severe illnesses that can be life-threatening. The most common waterborne diseases include cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, and dysentery.
In New Mexico, sound sanitation practices, such as septic systems and wastewater treatment facilities, are critical in preventing water contamination. Septic systems are commonly used in rural areas where homes are not connected to a municipal sewer system. A septic system allows wastewater from a house to drain into an underground tank, where solids settle and is partially decomposed by bacteria. The remaining liquid then drains into a drain field, where the soil treats it further. Properly designed, installed, and maintained septic systems can effectively treat wastewater and prevent contamination of water sources.
In areas with a municipal sewer system, wastewater treatment facilities treat and clean wastewater before it is released into the environment. Wastewater treatment facilities use a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove contaminants from wastewater and produce clean water that can be safely returned to water sources. It is vital to ensure that septic systems and wastewater treatment facilities are appropriately designed, installed, and maintained to prevent water contamination. Homeowners should have their septic systems inspected and pumped regularly to ensure they function correctly. In addition, it is crucial to properly dispose of hazardous materials, such as chemicals and medications, which can harm the treatment process at wastewater treatment facilities.
New Mexico has a set of sanitation regulations designed to protect public health and prevent water contamination. These regulations cover various activities and facilities, including water treatment plants, septic systems, food establishments, and recreational water facilities. Water contamination can occur from various sources, including industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and improperly treated sewage. Water contaminants can cause multiple health problems, from gastrointestinal illnesses to long-term health effects like cancer.
Overall, ensuring clean and safe water is critical to protecting public health in New Mexico. While there have been water contamination incidents in the state, there are ongoing efforts to address these issues and promote responsible sanitation practices. Additionally, organizations and programs are available to support veterans who may have been impacted by water contamination or other environmental health hazards during their service.
SUPPORT REGULATIONS
New Mexico has several regulations and laws to protect its water resources. These regulations and laws safeguard water quality, prevent pollution, and ensure water sources are used responsibly and sustainably. The New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) enforces many of these regulations and laws. Some key regulations and laws that protect New Mexico's water resources include:
The Water Quality Act: This act provides NMED with the authority to regulate and protect the quality of the state's water resources. It sets water quality standards for surface and groundwater and establishes requirements for monitoring and reporting water quality data.
The Ground Water Protection Act requires NMED to develop a program to protect groundwater resources in New Mexico. The act also provides for the regulation of activities that could harm groundwater quality.
The Surface Water Quality Act regulates activities that could harm surface water quality in New Mexico. It sets water quality standards for surface water and establishes requirements for monitoring and reporting water quality data.
The Water Use and Conservation Act: This act provides for managing and regulating the state's water resources. It establishes the authority of the state engineer to allocate water rights. It sets forth requirements for the management and conservation of water resources.
The New Mexico Safe Drinking Water Act regulates public drinking water systems in New Mexico. It sets standards for drinking water quality and requires public water systems to monitor and treat their water to ensure that it meets these standards.
The New Mexico Environment Improvement Act: This act provides for protecting and improving the environment in New Mexico. It establishes the authority of NMED to enforce environmental regulations and laws, including those that protect water resources.
New Mexico has limited water resources, and water scarcity and drought are significant concerns. As such, many regulations are in place to conserve and protect water resources. These regulations can include restrictions on water usage, requirements for water-efficient appliances and fixtures, and regulations on the discharge of pollutants into water sources.
While some may disagree with specific water regulations or find them overly restrictive, many people in New Mexico recognize the importance of protecting the state's water resources. Water is essential for many aspects of life, including agriculture, industry, and human health. Ensuring adequate and sustainable water supplies is critical for the state's and its residents' long-term well-being. Therefore, many people in New Mexico support water regulations to conserve and protect this valuable resource.
GET INVOLVED IN COMMUNITY EFFORTS.
Several resources are available to find community efforts in New Mexico that aim to protect water. By using these resources, individuals and organizations can discover community efforts in New Mexico that align with their interests and values and participate in efforts to protect and conserve the state's water resources. Here are a few examples:
The New Mexico Environment Department: The NMED website provides information on various water-related topics, including water quality standards, water conservation, and watershed management. The website also has a section on community involvement in water protection, which provides links to local and regional organizations that work on water issues.
The New Mexico Water Collaborative: The New Mexico Water Collaborative is a nonprofit organization that promotes water conservation, education, and advocacy in New Mexico. The organization provides information on community-based water projects, initiatives, and water conservation and education resources.
The New Mexico Acequia Association: The New Mexico Acequia Association is a grassroots organization that works to protect and enhance the traditional irrigation systems (acequias) common in many rural communities in New Mexico. The organization provides resources on acequia governance, water rights, and conservation practices.
The River Source: The River Source is a nonprofit organization that protects and restores rivers and other New Mexico waterways. The organization provides information on local river restoration projects and initiatives, and resources for community involvement in water protection.
Veterans Off-grid: A nonprofit organization that supports military veterans in building sustainable and self-sufficient lifestyles through off-grid living, permaculture, and regenerative agriculture practices. The organization offers training, mentorship, and community building opportunities for veterans who are interested in pursuing these lifestyle choices. They also raise awareness about the benefits of sustainable living and to promote environmental stewardship among veterans and their communities.
In conclusion, water contamination is a significant issue in New Mexico, and it can have severe consequences for human health and the environment. Hazardous waste disposal, water conservation, and responsible agriculture practices are essential to reduce water contamination. New Mexico residents can take advantage of several options to dispose of dangerous materials safely. The state has significantly reduced water usage through water conservation programs, xeriscaping, agricultural efficiency, and wastewater recycling. Farmers and ranchers can adopt sustainable land management practices to reduce water usage and runoff. Organizations like the Farmer Veteran Coalition help veterans transition to careers in sustainable agriculture and promote responsible agriculture practices. These steps can protect New Mexico's water resources and ensure a healthy environment for future generations.